CSI 450 - Operating Systems,
Review Sheet #1
 Chapter 1
 Single processor vs. multiprocessor
 cluster systems
 OS structure (multiprogramming, time-sharing)
 processes, job pool, job scheduling, CPU scheduling, swapping, virtual
memory
 Interrupts (hardware and software)
 kernel mode vs. user mode (privileged instructions)
 timers and other resources
 OS responsibilities (processes, files, caching etc)
 protection and security
 distributed systems and real-time systems

 Chapter 2
 OS services for the user
 OS services for the system
 UI vs GUI
 System calls
 System call interface and groups
 System programs
 OS languages (high level vs low level)
 OS Structure (simple,layer, microkernel, modules)
 system boot (bootstrap, implementation)

 Chapter 3
 Processes (user vs. OS)
 processes in memory
 program vs. process
 The states of a process - Process Control Block
 Process Scheduling (scheduler, job queue, ready queue, queuing diagram)
 Long-term vs. short-term scheduler
 I/O bound vs. CPU bound processes
 context-switch
 process tree
 Resources of a child process (advantages and disadvantages)
 Concurrent execution of process (or wait)
 System calls (fork, execlp, wait, perror,exit)
 Process Termination
 Early termination of the child (advantages)
 Independent vs. Cooperating processes
 Reasons to allow process to share (information sharing, computational speedup, modularity, convenience)
 IPC mechanisms (two fundamental models, diagrams)
   Advantages
   Shared memory
     Implementation
     Synchronization
     Unbounded vs. bounded buffer
     System calls (shmget, shmat, shmdt, shmctl)
     Commands: ipcs, ipcrm
   Message Passing Systems
     direct communication (properties, symmetry and asymmetry)
     indirect communication (properties)
     Ownership of a mailbox (process, OS, both)
     Synchronous (blocking) vs. Asynchronous (non-blocking)
     buffers (zero capacity, bounded, unbounded)