This examine is open notes only. I've compiled the following list, but it is your duty to ensure that it is complete. I'll be happy to add any missing elements to the list if you email them to me. Commands and Topics: ls, cat, echo, pwd, cd rm, mv, cp, vi, mkdir, chmod, chown, chgrp script, exit, stat, grep, sed, awk, groups, Permissions, Groups, Ownership, Files, File Redirection (>, <, >>, 2>), pipes (|) Makefiles (make, %, $, dependencies) C-style Pieces cstrings, cstring commands printf, sprintf, scanf, FILE *, C files, fprintf, fscanf C++ Pieces fstream, C++ files stringstream Systems Programming argc, argv, command line arguments opendir, readdir system perror ? : notation for conditional set